Introduction to the Conflict
Tension between the Athenians and Lacedaemonians leads to open warfare, with various allies on both sides increasing hostilities. This conflict arises after a period of previous peace.
Background and Previous Peace
The thirty years’ peace lasted four decades following the Euboea recovery. However, tensions began to rise again, particularly over the issues surrounding Epidamnus and Corcyra.
Immediate Causes of War
The immediate causes of war include several pivotal incidents. First, Corcyra's conflict with Corinth draws Athenian interest, leading Athenians to support Corcyra against Corinth. Additionally, the Potidaea incident occurs when Potidaea, allied with the Athenians, faces pressure to submit to Corinthian influence, escalating local tensions. Furthermore, the Megarian decree—an Athenian exclusion of Megara from markets—aggravates relations, seen as a blockade against allies.
Lacedaemonian Preparations for War
In the wake of increasing tensions, the Lacedaemonians begin military preparations. They send ambassadors to Athens to demand the retraction of Athenian decrees against their allies.
The Athenian Response
Pericles advises against yielding to Lacedaemonian threats, emphasizing the necessity of readiness and preparation for war. The Athenians refuse to rescind the Megarian decree, prioritizing their own interests and alliances over conciliation.
Mobilization for War
Both factions prepare militarily, with the Athenians bolstering their naval strength in anticipation of Peloponnesian aggression. By securing grain supplies and troop mobilization, Athens demonstrates its commitment to maintaining the war effort.
The Role of Leadership in Athens
Pericles’ leadership is characterized as strategic and prepared; he seeks to unify Athenian resolve. His views and advice become fundamental to Athenian strategy and engagement in the war.
The Strategic Importance of Resources
The examination of resources critical to both sides reveals a focus on naval strengths for Athenian superiority. Wealth from tribute and allied support plays a crucial role in determining capability during the conflict.
Outlook for War
As propaganda and rhetoric from both sides ramp up, citizens are prepared for imminent conflict. Civic responsibility is invoked across allied cities, reinforcing communal commitment to Athenian independence.
Conclusion and War Declaration
The unyielding stance of the Athenians ultimately leads to open warfare, with the Lacedaemonians reacting similarly. The immediate reasons for warfare coalesce into a larger narrative of power dynamics and autonomy among Greek city-states.
