The Smooth and the Striated
Concepts of Space
The distinction between smooth space and striated space plays a crucial role in understanding the dynamics of spatial organization. Smooth space is characterized by its nomadic, flexible, open, and constantly changing nature. In contrast, striated space is sedentary, rigid, organized, and defined by fixed boundaries. These spaces often exist in complex mixtures, where one can transform into another; for example, when organizing a desert (smooth), layers of striation are added.
The Relationship Between Smooth and Striated Spaces
In examining smooth and striated spaces, we find a dichotomy between de jure (theoretical) and de facto (practical) distinctions. While theory often separates the two, real-world observations reveal their mixed realities. Communication—or the lack thereof—between these spaces further highlights their intrinsic differences.
Models of Space
Several models illustrate the characteristics of smooth and striated spaces. The technological model emphasizes fabric characteristics, with two types of elements: mobile and fixed. This model parallels weaving where ‘warp’ represents fixed elements and ‘woof’ reflects mobility. Felt represents smooth space as it has an unlimited and open structure, while fabric denotes closed, defined spaces. The musical model by Pierre Boulez suggests that smooth space is occupied without counting, whereas striated space involves counting and organization, particularly in the distribution of frequencies, where types of breaks influence spatial organization. The maritime model examines the degree of striation where points and lines subordinate to trajectories of smooth spaces, as seen in sea navigation, which entails initial structuring demands based on latitudes and navigational techniques.
The Nature of Space
Perception varies in smooth and striated spaces. Smooth space is filled by events, affects, and forces and is primarily perception-driven, while striated space relates to visual properties, being structured by metrics and measurements. In terms of spatial models and geometry, Riemannian spaces introduce a multiplicity that is nonmetric and fluid. This leads to the distinction between metric, which refers to defined spaces with consistent dimensions, and nonmetric, which pertains to open, varying dimensions without set measures.
Dynamics of Work and Labor
The dynamics of work and labor also play a significant role. In the context of work as a model of striation, labor is organized within the state apparatus, defining space-time for the functionality of states and societies. Surplus labor arises only within contexts of striation and surplus production. Conversely, smooth spaces represent realms of non-work, illustrating free actions devoid of the need for labor or surplus, exemplified by societies displaying continuous variation.
Artistic Expressions
Art also reflects these concepts. In nomadic art, a distinction emerges between haptic and optical art; the former relates to close-range vision that aligns with smooth space, while the latter concerns long-distance perception that corresponds with striated space. Movement and representation are vital in understanding space, especially through abstract lines.
Final Thoughts
In conclusion, smooth and striated spaces should not be viewed as static entities. Life constantly alternates between smooth spaces and striated spaces based on varying needs and conditions.
