Deleuze - CH11 - A Thousand Plateaus - Of the Refrain

 

Overview

The text provides a philosophical exploration of concepts related to music, sound, chaos, and the essence of the "refrain."

The Refrain

The refrain embodies the ability to create a center amidst chaos, functioning as a structure that organizes space against chaos and serves as protective boundaries of order in its presence. A poignant example of this is a child who uses singing as a coping mechanism in dark, chaotic environments. This phenomenon highlights transitions that occur when the circle of order opens, where forces of the future become integrated into the refrain, indicating improvisation and exploration beyond established boundaries. The refrain thus encompasses three vital aspects: chaos, organization, and an escape towards potential. Its historical roots in territory and culture can be observed through bird songs that mark territory, as well as various musical structures serving analogous territorial functions. Musically, the relation between sound (the refrain) and space (territory) is critical, with the refrain acting as a bridge between chaos and structured expression.

Milieus and Rhythms

The concept of milieu refers to a coding of space-time through repeated components, creating a relationship between living beings and their environments. Every living being possesses an exterior environment filled with material resources, an interior composition made up of elements, and an intermediary connecting layer characterized by membranes and limits. Rhythm emerges as a reaction to chaos; it manipulates intervals and relations rather than aligning solely with regularity. Through rhythm, communication between different milieus fosters the formation of a cohesive society.

Relations of Territory

Territory is defined as the aggregated aspects of various milieus, marking a boundary beyond which chaos cannot intrude. Expressive qualities arise from ordinary elements, establishing a deeper connection with surrounding environmental aspects, illustrated by the influence of biological and emotional factors in the creation of societal territories or animal behaviors. The interaction between different artistic forms reveals differences in their relationships: music functions within a dynamic phylum of sound that continuously adapts, while visual arts tend to rely on static forms and structures influenced by societal contexts.

The Evolution of Creative Expression

The evolution of artistic expression marks a new artistic paradigm, transitioning from classical to romantic to modern approaches that embrace a more cosmic perspective. The notion of the creative individual transforms from a god-like creator into a cosmic artisan, emphasizing engagement with various forces rather than mere creation. Additionally, the refrain in artistic contexts plays a dual role, serving both musical and philosophical functions. It represents a potent essence of expression, shaping artistic and environmental relationships. This shift from personal or local music to a broader, cosmic scale mirrors larger cultural movements. Existentially, the connection to chaos represents the human experience of uncertainty and the struggle of creativity, with the refrain symbolizing a quest for beauty and a connection to a greater existential framework, engaging with individuality and the cosmos.