Being-in-the-World as Being-With and Being-One’s-Self
Analysis of Dasein
Phenomenon of Being-in-the-World: This concept indicates that Dasein is always in a state of being observed. While being-in-the-world involves various dimensions, not all aspects of these experiences are immediately recognizable or distinct.
Ontology of the World: The world is comprised of 'ready-to-hand' items, which are objects and tools that serve practical purposes. Understanding these items is crucial for a comprehensive recognition of Dasein’s nature, as they shape the context in which Dasein exists.
Everydayness of Dasein
Essential Being: Dasein is fundamentally characterized by its engagements and interactions within its everyday surroundings. This everydayness often leads to a state where one becomes absorbed in their environment, losing sight of authentic existence.
Exploring the ‘Who’: This section investigates the identity of Dasein, querying who it is as an entity and how various structures of Being relate to its self-identity. It emphasizes the relational aspects of existence.
The “They”
Concept of ‘Das Man’: The German term 'Das Man' translates to a form of the word “they”, implicating a collective mindset or behaviors that lack individual distinctions. This concept serves to highlight how societal norms influence personal identity.
Translation Nuances: This term lacks a direct translation in many languages, which reflects deeper existential concepts concerning how individuals relate to the collective and the impact of societal constructs on identity.
Chapter Structure
Division of Themes Related to Dasein: The chapters are structured around several existential explorations:
Existential Question of ‘Who’ (Section 25): Addresses identity and self-understanding.
Dasein-With of Others (Section 26): Explores interrelations and interconnectedness with others.
Everyday Being-One’s-Self and the ‘They’ (Section 27): Discusses the effect of societal norms on individual authenticity.
Existential Question of ‘Who’
Character of Dasein: Dasein is defined through its consistent and evolving behaviors and experiences, focusing on its 'I' or Self. This reflective nature is fundamental to understanding one’s existence.
Ontological Understanding: To truly understand the nature of the Self, it necessitates a deep existential inquiry that goes beyond theoretical perspectives. This exploration is crucial for authentic existence.
Variable Understanding: Although Dasein may appear distinct from others, it is perpetually influenced by the presence of other Dasein, affecting its self-perception and identity.
Dasein-With of Others (Section 26)
Connectedness with Others: Dasein's identity is shaped and absorbed from relationships and interactions with others in the world, emphasizing the deeply interconnected nature of existence.
Environmental Context: Dasein encounters others not as isolated individuals, but within shared environments, highlighting the importance of context in shaping identity and relationships.
Nature of Being-With: Being-With implies concern and care for others, and it encompasses shared engagements that contribute to the construction of relationships. This interdependence is essential for understanding Dasein’s nature.
Everyday Being-One’s-Self and the “They” (Section 27)
Definition of Everyday Being: This mode of existence consists of average and often inconspicuous modes of interactions with others, which may obscure the path to authentic existence.
Impact on Authenticity: The routine aspects of Dasein’s everydayness can lead to distanced existence where individual autonomy is minimized, causing conformity to the collective norms of society.
Role of ‘They-Self’: When Dasein adheres to the expectations and norms represented by 'the they', it risks losing its individuality, thus resulting in a diluted sense of self.
Conclusion on Dasein’s Authentic Self
Differentiation of Modes: The challenge of everyday Being lies in the quest for authenticity. Dasein must endeavor to uncover its true self, which is often obscured by societal impositions.
Existential Modification: Authenticity is fundamentally linked to personal existence, transcending mere categorization of being or presence-at-hand. It requires a conscious recognition of one's own existence within the broader communal framework, inviting a nuanced understanding of self in relation to others and the world.
